查看“Tepotinib”的源代码

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            <strong>[[特泊替尼]]</strong>（<strong>[[Tepotinib]]</strong>），商品名为<strong>[[特美妥]]</strong>（<strong>[[Tepmetko]]</strong>），是一种高度选择性的口服<strong>[[受体酪氨酸激酶]]</strong>抑制剂（<strong>[[TKI]]</strong>），专门针对<strong>[[MET]]</strong>（间质上皮转化因子）。它是全球首个获得监管机构批准用于治疗携带<strong>[[MET]]外显子14</strong>（<strong>[[METex14]]</strong>）跳跃突变的晚期<strong>[[非小细胞肺癌]]</strong>（NSCLC）患者的药物。通过精准抑制<strong>[[MET]]</strong>磷酸化及其下游信号通路，<strong>[[特泊替尼]]</strong>能够显著抑制肿瘤生长并诱导细胞凋亡。目前，该药已被<strong>[[FDA]]</strong>、<strong>[[EMA]]</strong>及<strong>[[NMPA]]</strong>批准上市，成为晚期肺癌<strong>[[精准医疗]]</strong>体系中的核心一线与后线治疗策略。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">特泊替尼(Tepotinib)</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Tepmetko·高度选择性MET抑制剂·点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">核心靶标：<strong>[[MET]]</strong>(c-MET)</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;"><strong>[[Entrez]]</strong>ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">4233(<strong>[[MET]]</strong>)</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;"><strong>[[HGNC]]</strong>ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">7029</td>
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                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">P08581</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">492.58g/mol</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">研发厂家</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;"><strong>[[德国默克]]</strong>(Merck KGaA)</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">审批状态</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #16a34a;"><strong>[[NMPA]]</strong>/<strong>[[FDA]]</strong>已上市</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">药理机制：针对METex14跳跃突变的精准阻断</h2>
    
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        <strong>[[特泊替尼]]</strong>作为I型选择性<strong>[[MET-TKI]]</strong>，其作用机制深度耦合了肿瘤驱动基因的生物学特性：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">靶向跳跃突变：在正常情况下，<strong>[[MET]]</strong>外显子14编码的近膜结构域包含<strong>[[CBL]]</strong>结合位点，负责介导受体的泛素化降解。<strong>[[METex14]]</strong>跳跃突变导致该结构域缺失，使得<strong>[[MET]]</strong>蛋白无法降解而在细胞表面异常积聚，持续激活下游通路。<strong>[[特泊替尼]]</strong>通过竞争性结合ATP结合位点，强效阻断该过程。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">高选择性抑制：特泊替尼对<strong>[[MET]]</strong>激酶的亲和力远高于其他激酶，有效降低了脱靶毒性。其抑制常数（$IC_{50}$）处于纳摩尔级别，能显著降低<strong>[[PI3K-AKT]]</strong>和<strong>[[MAPK-ERK]]</strong>信号流。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">脑渗透能力：临床前数据表明，特泊替尼具有穿透<strong>[[血脑屏障]]</strong>的潜力，这对于肺癌患者中高发的<strong>[[脑转移]]</strong>具有关键的临床预防和治疗意义。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">临床进展：VISION关键研究矩阵</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">评价维度</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">液体活检组(LBx)</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">组织活检组(TBx)</th>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">客观缓解率(ORR)</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>48.0%</strong></td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>50.0%</strong></td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">中位缓解持续时间(mDOR)</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">11.1个月</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">11.0个月</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">中位无进展生存期(mPFS)</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">8.5个月</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">11.0个月</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">安全性评价</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;" colspan="2;">主要不良反应为<strong>[[外周水肿]]</strong>(63%)及恶心、肌酐升高，大多数为1-2级。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">诊疗策略：检测先行与全病程管理</h2>
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        <strong>[[特泊替尼]]</strong>的临床应用路径强调了精准检测与对症管理的必要性：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">分子检测规范：由于<strong>[[METex14]]</strong>跳跃突变的复杂性，<strong>[[NCCN指南]]</strong>推荐使用<strong>[[NGS]]</strong>（二代测序）进行检测。液体活检（<strong>[[ctDNA]]</strong>）可作为组织样本不足时的重要补充，且特泊替尼对血检阳性患者同样高效。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">外周水肿管理：水肿是<strong>[[MET]]</strong>抑制剂最特征性的毒性。建议患者低盐饮食、抬高下肢，必要时联合使用<strong>[[利尿剂]]</strong>。若达到3级水肿，需及时进行减量或停药。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;">联合用药探索：针对<strong>[[EGFR-TKI]]</strong>耐药后出现的<strong>[[MET扩增]]</strong>，特泊替尼联合<strong>[[奥希替尼]]</strong>（INSIGHT研究）展现了逆转耐药的潜力，目前正开展更深层次的临床验证。</li>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[卡马替尼]]</strong>(Capmatinib)：同为I型选择性MET抑制剂，是特泊替尼的主要竞品。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[赛沃替尼]]</strong>(Savolitinib)：国产高选择性MET抑制剂，主要在中国市场与特泊替尼形成差异化竞争。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[METex14跳跃突变]]</strong>：NSCLC中约占3%-4%的罕见驱动突变，常发生于老年及肺肉瘤样癌患者。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[液体活检]]</strong>：通过血液检测肿瘤DNA的技术，特泊替尼是首个基于该技术获得临床数据支撑的MET抑制剂。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Paik PK, et al. (2020).</strong> <em>Tepotinib in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with MET Exon 14 Skipping Mutations.</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：VISION研究结果确立了特泊替尼在METex14跳跃突变肺癌中的治疗基石地位。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Xiangdong Cheng, et al. (2023).</strong> <em>Clinical experience of Tepotinib for MET-mutated NSCLC in China.</em> <strong>[[The Lancet Regional Health]]</strong> (related review).[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：总结了特泊替尼在真实世界中的安全性，尤其强调了对亚洲人群水肿管理的可行性。</span>
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            特泊替尼(Tepotinib)诊疗生态·知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[MET]]</strong>•<strong>[[HGF]]</strong>•<strong>[[EGFR]]</strong>•<strong>[[PI3K]]</strong>•<strong>[[KRAS]]</strong></td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">竞品管线</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[卡马替尼]]</strong>•<strong>[[赛沃替尼]]</strong>•<strong>[[谷美替尼]]</strong>•<strong>[[伯瑞替尼]]</strong>•<strong>[[特立妥珠单抗]]</strong></td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">战略实体</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[德国默克]]</strong>•<strong>[[FDA]]</strong>•<strong>[[NMPA]]</strong>•<strong>[[CDE]]</strong>•<strong>[[NCCN]]</strong></td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">前沿探索</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;"><strong>[[一线联合免疫治疗研究]]</strong>•<strong>[[MET扩增晚期胃癌探索]]</strong>•<strong>[[克服EGFR耐药的SAVANNAH模式]]</strong>•<strong>[[脑转移深度缓解研究]]</strong></td>
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