查看“Endostatin”的源代码

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            <strong>[[Endostatin]]</strong>（<strong>[[内皮抑素]]</strong>）是一种天然存在的20kDa[[蛋白质]]片段，来源于[[XVIII型胶原]]的C-末端。作为一种强效的内源性<strong>[[血管生成抑制剂]]</strong>，它通过特异性抑制[[血管内皮细胞]]的[[增殖]]、[[迁移]]及[[管腔形成]]，从而切断肿瘤的营养供应。临床上广泛应用的<strong>[[重组人内皮抑素]]</strong>（商品名：<strong>[[恩度]]</strong>/<strong>[[Endostar]]</strong>）通过在N-末端添加[[组氨酸]]标签提高了蛋白质的[[稳定性]]。截至2026年，[[Endostatin]]已成为<strong>[[非小细胞肺癌]]</strong>（[[NSCLC]]）一线联合化疗的标准方案，并广泛应用于[[恶性腹腔积液]]及多种[[实性肿瘤]]的[[联合免疫治疗]]，其核心价值在于实现<strong>[[肿瘤血管正常化]]</strong>。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">[[Endostatin]]</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px;">内源性[[血管生成]]抑制剂 · 点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">前体蛋白：[[COL18A1]]</div>
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                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">8081([[COL18A1]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[HGNC]]ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">2201</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[UniProt]]</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">P39060</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[分子量]]</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">约20kDa</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">药物分类</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">[[广谱]][[抗血管生成]]药</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">开发厂商</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #0f172a;">[[先声药业]]([[Simcere]])</td>
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        [[Endostatin]]通过干扰[[内皮细胞]]表面的多个[[受体]]，建立起复杂的抗肿瘤防御矩阵：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>抑制[[VEGF]]信号通路：</strong>[[Endostatin]]能与[[VEGFR]]竞争性结合，或直接降低[[VEGF]]的表达，从而阻断驱动[[血管生成]]的关键信号链。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>干扰[[整合素]](Integrins)：</strong>通过结合[[整合素α5β1]]及[[αvβ3]]，破坏[[内皮细胞]]与[[细胞外基质]]的黏附，诱导内皮细胞发生[[失巢凋亡]]。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[血管正常化]]效应：</strong>与传统的单纯“破坏”血管不同，适低剂量的[[Endostatin]]能修整畸形的[[肿瘤血管]]，降低[[间质压力]]，提高[[化疗]]药物及[[免疫细胞]]（如[[CD8+ T细胞]]）的递送效率。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>诱导[[细胞周期]]停滞：</strong>通过调控[[Cyclin D1]]等蛋白，将内皮细胞锁定在[[G1期]]，阻止其进入分裂循环。</li>
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                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">研究领域</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">联合方案</th>
                <th style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">2026年临床地位</th>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[晚期NSCLC]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">恩度 + [[长春瑞滨]]/[[顺铂]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">标准一线联合方案，显著延长[[PFS]]及[[OS]]。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[恶性浆膜腔积液]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[腔内灌注]]联合化疗</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">有效控制[[腹水]]及[[胸水]]，改善患者生活质量。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[免疫联合治疗]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">恩度 + [[PD-1抑制剂]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 8px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">利用血管正常化效应增强[[免疫检查点]]阻断疗效的探索方案。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">诊疗策略：序贯给药与毒性管理</h2>
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        [[Endostatin]]的临床应用强调“[[持续给药]]”与“[[早期介入]]”：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>给药途径优化：</strong>除传统的[[静脉滴注]]外，采用<strong>[[微量泵]]</strong>持续静脉输注（[[CIV]]）可维持更稳定的[[血药浓度]]，提高[[生物利用度]]。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[心脏毒性]]监测：</strong>虽然其安全性优于小分子[[TKI]]，但仍需监测[[心电图]]，警惕少数患者出现的[[心肌缺血]]或[[心律失常]]。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>联合[[放疗]]协同：</strong>利用其对血管的调节作用，可改善放疗区域的[[氧合]]状态，从而克服[[放射抗性]]。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[生物标志物]]：</strong>目前正在探索通过检测循环[[内皮前体细胞]]([[EPCs]])及动态[[增强磁共振]]([[DCE-MRI]])来预测其血管调节窗口。</li>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[血管生成]] (Angiogenesis)：</strong>肿瘤生长超过2mm时的必需生理过程。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[COL18A1]]：</strong>编码内皮抑素前体蛋白的基因，定位于[[21号染色体]]。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[Judah Folkman]]：</strong>现代抗血管生成治疗之父，[[Endostatin]]的共同发现者。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[血管平滑肌细胞]]：</strong>[[Endostatin]]通过稳定这些细胞来促进血管成熟。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>O'Reilly MS, et al. (1997).</strong> <em>Endostatin: an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth.</em> <strong>[[Cell]]</strong>.[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：该发现开启了利用内源性蛋白治疗癌症的全新里程碑。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Wang J, et al. (2005/2025 Update).</strong> <em>Phase III study of recombinant human endostatin in combined with NP regimen in advanced NSCLC.</em> <strong>[[Journal of Clinical Oncology]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[临床价值]：奠定了重组人内皮抑素在中国乃至全球抗血管生成领域的领先地位。</span>
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            [[Endostatin]] ([[内皮抑素]]) 诊疗生态 · 知识图谱
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                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[VEGFR]]•[[Integrin α5β1]]•[[Nucleolin]]•[[MMP-2]]•[[Cyclin D1]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">治疗领域</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[肺腺癌]]•[[恶性胸腹水]]•[[骨肉瘤]]•[[黑色素瘤]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">战略实体</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[先声药业]]•[[Harvard Medical School]]•[[NMPA]]•[[CSCO]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">研究前沿</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[针对中枢神经系统转移的穿透性研究]]•[[恩度联合TACE治疗肝癌]]•[[抗血管生成的表观遗传学调控]]</td>
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