查看“BCL”的源代码

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            <strong>[[B细胞淋巴瘤]]([[BCL]])</strong>是一组起源于<strong>[[B淋巴细胞]]</strong>的恶性肿瘤，属于<strong>[[非霍奇金淋巴瘤]]([[NHL]])</strong>中最常见的类型，约占全球淋巴瘤病例的85%。该病具有高度的异质性，临床表现从生长缓慢的惰性淋巴瘤到极具侵袭性的高度恶性淋巴瘤不等。在2026年的精准诊疗体系中，[[B细胞淋巴瘤]]的分类已由形态学全面转向基于<strong>[[分子遗传学]]</strong>特征的定义。随着<strong>[[CAR-T]]</strong>细胞疗法、<strong>[[双特异性抗体]]</strong>及新一代<strong>[[BTK抑制剂]]</strong>的普及，多数亚型已实现了由化疗向“去化疗”免疫靶向模式的临床跨越。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">B细胞淋巴瘤</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">B-cell Lymphoma (BCL)·点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">核心标志物：[[CD20]]/[[CD19]]</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">典型基因ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">931([[MS4A1]])/596([[BCL2]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[ICD-10]]</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">C82-C85</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">发病率比例</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">约占所有非霍奇金淋巴瘤85%</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">主要亚型</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">[[DLBCL]]•[[FL]]•[[MCL]]</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">一线金标准</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">[[R-CHOP]]或[[Pola-R-CHP]]</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">2026状态</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #1e40af;">分子靶向与免疫细胞治疗时代</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子机制：BCR信号与转录重塑</h2>
    
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        [[B细胞淋巴瘤]]的发生是由一系列获得性基因突变驱动的，这些突变导致了B细胞在生发中心发育过程中的分化阻滞与异常增殖。
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[Image of B-cell receptor signaling pathway]

    <ul style="padding-left: 25px; color: #334155;">
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[BCR]]信号通路异常：</strong>
            许多B细胞恶性克隆依赖于持续的<strong>[[B细胞受体]]([[BCR]])</strong>信号。通过招募<strong>[[BTK]]</strong>和<strong>[[SYK]]</strong>激酶，激活下游<strong>[[NF-κB]]</strong>通路，为肿瘤细胞提供生长指令。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>染色体易位与癌基因激活：</strong>
            例如<strong>[[滤泡性淋巴瘤]]([[FL]])</strong>中的[[t(14;18)]]导致<strong>[[BCL2]]</strong>蛋白过表达，抑制凋亡；<strong>[[套细胞淋巴瘤]]([[MCL]])</strong>中的[[t(11;14)]]导致<strong>[[CyclinD1]]</strong>过表达，强制细胞进入周期。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>表观遗传调控失效：</strong>
            2026年的研究重点在于<strong>[[EZH2]]</strong>及<strong>[[CREBBP]]</strong>等染色质修饰因子的突变，这些变异改变了B细胞的免疫表型，使其能够逃避[[T细胞]]的免疫监视。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026核心亚型临床图谱</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">亚型名称</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">核心分子特征(2026)</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">临床治疗策略</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[MCD]]/[[BN2]]/[[N1]]亚型分型。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[Pola-R-CHP]]为高危患者首选。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[滤泡性淋巴瘤]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[BCL2]]重排、[[POD24]]早期进展预测。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>双特异性抗体</strong>引领去化疗方案。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[边缘区淋巴瘤]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[MYD88]]突变(某些类型)、慢性炎症相关。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">二代[[BTK]]抑制剂实现长效缓解。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026治疗策略：多模态干预体系</h2>
    <p style="margin: 15px 0; text-align: justify;">
        [[B细胞淋巴瘤]]的治疗已由广谱化疗全面向精准免疫治疗转型：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>免疫化学疗法迭代：</strong> <strong>[[维泊妥珠单抗]]([[Pola]])</strong>作为首个[[ADC]]被引入一线治疗，显著降低了中高危[[DLBCL]]的复发风险。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[CAR-T]]细胞疗法前移：</strong> 2026规范推荐将[[CAR-T]]用于[[LBCL]]的一线挽救或二线治疗。<strong>[[阿基仑赛]]</strong>和<strong>[[瑞基奥仑赛]]</strong>在中国已实现广泛覆盖。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>双特异性抗体(BsAb)：</strong> 如<strong>[[格菲妥单抗]]([[CD20/CD3]])</strong>，作为“现货型”免疫疗法，在复发难治性病例中展现了与[[CAR-T]]相当的完全缓解率。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[MRD]]驱动的个体化：</strong> 利用高敏[[NGS]]技术动态监测<strong>[[微小残留病]]([[MRD]])</strong>，用于决定是否提前终止化疗或启动巩固治疗。</li>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[CD20]]：</strong> B细胞谱系最为核心的治疗靶标，是单抗治疗的基石。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[生发中心]]([[GC]])：</strong> 多数侵袭性[[BCL]]起源的解剖学位置，涉及高度突变的DNA环境。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[BTK抑制剂]]：</strong> 以<strong>[[泽布替尼]]</strong>为代表，通过切断BCR信号通路治疗惰性B细胞肿瘤。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[ADC]]([[抗体偶联药物]])：</strong> 结合抗体精准性与化疗高效性的“生物导弹”。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
        <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;">
            [1] <strong>Swerdlow SH,et al.(2026Revision).</strong> <em>The 6th Edition of the WHO Classification of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tumours:Focus on B-cell Lymphomas.</em> <strong>[[WHO]]Publications</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：该分类确立了从形态分类向遗传分型的彻底演进，为每位患者的精准获益提供了分类基础。</span>
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        <p style="margin: 12px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; padding-bottom: 10px;">
            [2] <strong>Sehn LH,et al.(2024/2026Update).</strong> <em>Innovations in B-cell Lymphoma Therapy:A decade of progress from Monoclonal Antibodies to Bispecifics and CAR-T.</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：总结了免疫衔接器在降低血液肿瘤复发率中的划时代意义。</span>
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            B细胞淋巴瘤 · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[CD20]]•[[CD19]]•[[BTK]]•[[BCL2]]•[[CD3]]•[[EZH2]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关键疗法</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[R-CHOP]]•[[CAR-T]]•[[格菲妥单抗]]•[[奥妥珠单抗]]•[[ASCT]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">诊断指标</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[LDH水平]]•[[PET/CT]]•[[MYC/BCL2重排]]•[[MRD滴度]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">研究高地</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[Waldenström巨球蛋白血症]]•[[原发中枢淋巴瘤]]•[[双打击淋巴瘤]]</td>
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