查看“晚期乳腺癌”的源代码

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            <strong>[[晚期乳腺癌]]([[Advanced Breast Cancer, aBC]])</strong>通常指临床分期为<strong>[[IV期]]</strong>或出现远处器官转移的乳腺癌，亦包括不可手术切除的局部晚期病例。在2026年的精准诊疗体系中，[[晚期乳腺癌]]已全面实现分分子亚型化管理，主要分为<strong>[[激素受体阳性/HER2阴性]]([[HR+/HER2-]])</strong>、<strong>[[HER2阳性]]([[HER2+]])</strong>及<strong>[[三阴性乳腺癌]]([[TNBC]])</strong>。随着<strong>[[ADC]]</strong>药物（如[[DS-8201]]）和<strong>[[CDK4/6抑制剂]]</strong>的迭代应用，晚期患者的生存期获得了显着突破，诊疗目标已由单纯的症状缓解转向以<strong>[[长期获益]]</strong>和<strong>[[生活质量优化]]</strong>为核心的慢病化管理。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">晚期乳腺癌</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Advanced Breast Cancer·点击展开</div>
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                     <div style="width: 140px; height: 90px; background-color: #f1f5f9; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; color: #94a3b8; font-size: 0.8em; padding: 10px; text-align: center;">Metastatic Pathways: Bone, Lung, Liver and Brain</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">核心分子分型：HR/HER2/gBRCA</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">[[Entrez]]ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">2064([[ERBB2]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[HGNC]]编号</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">3430</td>
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                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">P04626</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">ICD-11编码</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">2C6Y</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">主要转移部位</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">骨•肺•肝•脑</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">关键标志物</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">[[ER]]•[[PR]]•[[HER2]]•[[PIK3CA]]</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">2026热点</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #b91c1c;">HER2-low 精准靶向</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子机制：多通路驱动与内分泌耐药</h2>
    
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        [[晚期乳腺癌]]的异质性源于错综复杂的分子信号通路。2026年的分子生物学研究将其机制核心概括为：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>内分泌信号与细胞周期：</strong> 针对[[HR+/HER2-]]亚型，雌激素与其受体结合激活转录。2026年共识确认，<strong>[[CDK4/6]]</strong>蛋白的过表达是导致细胞周期失控的关键，通过阻断该靶点可显着延缓<strong>[[内分泌耐药]]</strong>。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>HER2 扩增与二聚化：</strong> [[HER2+]]患者中，[[ERBB2]]基因扩增导致受体构象持续活化，触发下游<strong>[[MAPK]]</strong>和<strong>[[PI3K/AKT]]</strong>通路。2026年新型[[ADC]]药物利用“**[[旁观者效应]]**”精准杀伤周边HER2低表达细胞。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>DNA 损伤修复缺陷：</strong> 约10%的患者携带<strong>[[gBRCA1/2]]</strong>突变，导致同源重组修复缺失。这使得肿瘤对<strong>[[PARP抑制剂]]</strong>具有极高的合成致死敏感性。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026全球晚期乳腺癌一线分型诊疗矩阵</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">分子亚型</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">2026 一线推荐方案</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">关键生存获益结论</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[HR+/HER2-]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[CDK4/6抑制剂]]（如[[哌柏西利]]）+芳香化酶抑制剂。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>PFS 延长至 25-30个月</strong>。2026规范：内分泌联合是首选。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[HER2+]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">“**[[妥妥组合]]**”（曲妥珠+帕妥珠）+化疗。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[CLEOPATRA]]模式确立了晚期HER2+患者的长期生存基石。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[HER2-low]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[德曲妥珠单抗]]([[DS-8201]])。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>[[DESTINY-Breast04]]</strong>研究定义了新的治疗分群，打破传统HER2二分法。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[TNBC]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[PD-1抑制剂]]（如帕博利珠单抗）+化疗。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">针对[[PD-L1]]阳性患者，免疫联合显著提升[[OS]]。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026治疗策略：精准序贯与多线管理</h2>
    
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        [[晚期乳腺癌]]的管理在2026年高度依赖于动态监测与耐药机理的捕捉：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>再次活检与标志物动态化：</strong> 2026规范要求：转移灶必须行<strong>[[二次活检]]</strong>以确认[[HR]]和[[HER2]]状态。约20%的患者在转移后会出现受体状态漂移。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>内分泌耐药后的闭环：</strong> 针对[[ESR1]]突变患者，2026策略首选新型口服[[SERD]]药物（如[[艾拉司群]]）。对于[[PIK3CA]]突变者，推荐联用[[阿培利司]]。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>ADC 药物的序贯应用：</strong> 2026版[[NCCN]]明确：在HER2+或HER2-low患者化疗进展后，<strong>[[DS-8201]]</strong>及<strong>[[戈沙妥珠单抗]]</strong>（针对TROP2）是二线及后线治疗的统治性方案。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">关键相关概念</h2>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[HER2-low]]：</strong> 2026年核心病理分群，指IHC 1+或IHC 2+/ISH阴性。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[旁观者效应]]：</strong> [[ADC]]载荷释放后杀伤相邻异质性癌细胞的药理特征。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[液体活检]]([[ctDNA]])：</strong> 用于早期捕捉内分泌耐药突变（如[[ESR1]]）的非侵入性手段。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[内分泌治疗风暴]]：</strong> 针对绝经前患者，需联合[[GnRH]]激动剂实现卵巢功能抑制。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Modi S, et al. (2022/2026Update).</strong> <em>Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Previously Treated HER2-Low Advanced Breast Cancer (DESTINY-Breast04).</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：该研究彻底颠覆了HER2的分类范式，为近50%的既往“HER2阴性”患者开启了靶向治疗之门。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Hortobagyi GN, et al. (2024/2026Revision).</strong> <em>Overall Survival with Ribociclib plus Letrozole in Advanced Breast Cancer (MONALEESA-2).</em> <strong>[[The Journal of Clinical Oncology]]</strong>.[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：2026年数据随访确认，CDK4/6抑制剂在一线治疗中的OS获益具有高度的统计学与临床一致性。</span>
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            晚期乳腺癌 诊疗生态 · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[ESR1]]•[[ERBB2]]•[[CDK4/6]]•[[PIK3CA]]•[[gBRCA1/2]]•[[TROP2]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">治疗药物</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[哌柏西利]]•[[曲妥珠单抗]]•[[德曲妥珠单抗]]•[[奥拉帕利]]•[[帕博利珠单抗]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">战略实体</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[SinoCellGene协作]]•[[MSKCC]]•[[Dana-Farber]]•[[CSCO]]•[[NCCN]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">前沿领域</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[精准肿瘤学]]•[[内分泌增敏]]•[[ADC载荷技术]]•[[免疫微环境]]</td>
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