查看“CDH1”的源代码

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            <strong>[[CDH1]]</strong>，全称为<strong>[[钙黏蛋白1]]([[Cadherin 1]])</strong>，是编码<strong>[[E-钙黏蛋白]]([[E-cadherin]])</strong>的关键抑癌基因，定位于染色体<strong>[[16q22.1]]</strong>。作为一种钙依赖性细胞粘附分子，[[CDH1]]在维持上皮组织结构完整性、极性及细胞间信号转导中发挥核心作用。在2026年的临床遗传学中，[[CDH1]]生殖系突变被公认为<strong>[[遗传性弥漫性胃癌]]([[HDGC]])</strong>及<strong>[[遗传性小叶乳腺癌]]</strong>的主要致病因素。其功能的缺失不仅直接导致细胞粘附丧失，还通过激活<strong>[[上皮-间质转化]]([[EMT]])</strong>及<strong>[[Wnt/β-catenin]]</strong>信号通路促进肿瘤的侵袭与转移。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">CDH1</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Cadherin 1 (E-cadherin)·点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">染色体定位：16q22.1</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">[[Entrez]]ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">999</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[HGNC]]编号</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">1748</td>
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                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">P12830</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">约135kDa(前体)</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">蛋白亚型</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">E-钙黏蛋白</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">主要功能</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #1e40af;">细胞粘附与抑癌</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">2026热点</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #1e40af;">HDGC预防性手术标准</td>
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        [[CDH1]]编码的[[E-钙黏蛋白]]是上皮细胞间<strong>[[粘附连接]]([[AdherensJunctions]])</strong>的核心组分。2026年的分子机制研究将其功能细化为：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>钙依赖性粘附：</strong>
            通过其细胞外结构域与相邻细胞的[[E-钙黏蛋白]]结合，形成拉链状结构。这种结合依赖于钙离子浓度，是维持上皮屏障功能的基础。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>β-catenin 锚定效应：</strong>
            [[E-钙黏蛋白]]通过其胞内域与<strong>[[β-catenin]]</strong>结合，并将其锚定在细胞膜上。当[[CDH1]]功能缺失时，游离的[[β-catenin]]易位至细胞核，激活肿瘤增殖相关基因。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>抑制 EMT 转化：</strong>
            作为上皮表型的标志分子，[[CDH1]]的下调是<strong>[[上皮-间质转化]]([[EMT]])</strong>的触发点。这一过程使细胞获得迁徙和侵袭能力，是弥漫型胃癌发生广泛浸润的分子基础。</li>
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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">临床疾病</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">突变类型与风险(2026)</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">诊断与管理</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[遗传性弥漫性胃癌]]([[HDGC]])</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">生殖系截短突变。累积风险达70%。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>[[预防性全胃切除术]]([[PTG]])</strong>是首选。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[小叶乳腺癌]]([[LBC]])</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">常伴随[[HDGC]]出现。终身风险约40%-60%。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">强化[[MRI]]筛查，必要时预防性乳腺切除。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[印戒细胞癌]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">体细胞突变或启动子甲基化。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">通过[[IHC]]检测[[E-cadherin]]表达缺失辅助分型。</td>
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        [[CDH1]]的管理核心在于“早诊、早治、预后干预”。2026版国际临床实践指南强调：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>遗传咨询与基因检测：</strong> 对于符合[[HDGC]]临床标准的家系（如两个及以上弥漫性胃癌患者，其中一人&lt;50岁），必须进行[[CDH1]]生殖系突变检测。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>预防性全胃切除术([[PTG]])：</strong> 2026共识建议，携带致病性[[CDH1]]突变的个体，应在20-30岁之间考虑进行预防性全胃切除，因常规内镜活检难以发现粘膜下的早期弥漫病灶。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>合成致死疗法探索：</strong> 2026科研前沿正在探索针对[[CDH1]]缺失肿瘤的<strong>[[合成致死]]</strong>策略，如利用<strong>[[ROS1抑制剂]]</strong>或<strong>[[PI3K抑制剂]]</strong>诱导突变细胞特异性死亡。</li>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[遗传性弥漫性胃癌]]([[HDGC]])：</strong> 由[[CDH1]]突变驱动的最具代表性的遗传肿瘤综合征。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[上皮-间质转化]]([[EMT]])：</strong> [[CDH1]]下调引发的肿瘤细胞恶性进化过程。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[β-catenin]]：</strong> [[CDH1]]丢失后释放的关键信号效应分子。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[CTNNB1]]：</strong> 编码β-catenin的基因，常与[[CDH1]]在信号通路研究中被共同提及。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Fitzgerald RC, et al. (2020/2025Update).</strong> <em>Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer: updated clinical practice guidelines (4th edition).</em> <strong>[[The Lancet Oncology]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：该指南是[[CDH1]]突变携带者管理的国际金标准，2026年更新版本进一步精细化了手术干预的年龄切点。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Gullo I, et al. (2024/2026Revision).</strong> <em>The molecular pathology of E-cadherin in cancer: from screening to targeted synthetic lethality.</em> [Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：2026年的综述明确了针对[[CDH1]]缺失型肿瘤的精准药物开发路径，预示着预防性切除之外的新选择。</span>
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            CDH1 (E-cadherin) · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[β-catenin]]•[[EGFR]]•[[ROS1]]•[[PI3K]]•[[Wnt信号]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">相关疾病</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[弥漫性胃癌]]•[[小叶乳腺癌]]•[[印戒细胞癌]]•[[子宫内膜癌]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">诊疗手段</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[预防性胃切除]]•[[胚胎植入前遗传学诊断]]•[[IHC检测]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">学术地位</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">经典抑癌基因•[[EMT]]核心分子•HDGC唯一确证基因</td>
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