查看“波那替尼”的源代码

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            <strong>[[波那替尼]]([[Ponatinib]])</strong>，研发代码为<strong>[[AP24534]]</strong>，是一种强效的第三代口服<strong>[[酪氨酸激酶抑制剂]]([[TKI]])</strong>。它是首个被设计用于克服<strong>[[T315I突变]]</strong>的靶向药物，该突变对所有第一代和第二代[[TKI]]均具有耐药性。在2026年的血液学临床实践中，[[波那替尼]]已成为治疗<strong>[[慢性髓系白血病]]([[CML]])</strong>及<strong>[[费城染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病]]([[Ph+ALL]])</strong>的核心药物，特别是针对伴有[[T315I]]突变或多重耐药的患者。通过<strong>[[OPTIC试验]]</strong>确立的剂量优化策略，[[波那替尼]]在维持强效分子学反应的同时，显著降低了血管闭塞事件的发生风险。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">波那替尼</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Ponatinib (AP24534)·点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">核心靶点：[[BCR-ABL1]]</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">[[Entrez]]ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">25([[ABL1]]基因)</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[HGNC]]编号</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">76</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[UniProt]]</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">P00519</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">532.56Da</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">药物商品名</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">[[Iclusig]]([[普那替尼]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">中国上市</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #b91c1c;"><strong>[[NRDL]]已纳入</strong></td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">2026状态</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #1e40af;">耐药性Ph+白血病一线选择</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子机制：克服门控基因耐药</h2>
    
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        [[波那替尼]]通过其独特的化学结构，解决了常规[[TKI]]在面对[[BCR-ABL1]]激酶域突变时的局限性。
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>三键炔烃结构设计：</strong>
            [[波那替尼]]含有一个三键炔烃基团，能够完美避开[[T315I]]突变产生的异亮氨酸残基造成的空间位阻。这种设计使其能直接进入[[ATP]]结合口袋。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>多靶点抑制活性：</strong>
            除[[BCR-ABL1]]外，[[波那替尼]]还能强效抑制<strong>[[FGFR]]</strong>、<strong>[[PDGFR]]</strong>、<strong>[[VEGFR]]</strong>及<strong>[[FLT3]]</strong>等多种激酶。这种广泛的靶点覆盖在应对克隆演化导致的复杂耐药中极具优势。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>2026 结构洞察：</strong>
            最新的冷冻电镜研究显示，[[波那替尼]]能诱导激酶域进入一种特定的不活跃构象，从而实现对异源多聚体复合物的稳定沉默。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026临床适应症与疗效图谱</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">疾病分类</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">2026推荐应用场景</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">临床地位</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[CML]]慢性期(CP)</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">伴有[[T315I]]突变或对≥2种[[TKI]]耐药的患者。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>二/三线首选</strong>。基于[[OPTIC]]的分级给药。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[CML]]加速期/急变期</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">所有伴有[[T315I]]突变的进展期患者。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>挽救治疗核心</strong>。为移植争取时间。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[Ph+ALL]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">联合化疗或[[免疫治疗]]用于初治或复发患者。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>联合方案金标准</strong>。显著降低复发率。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026治疗策略：剂量优化与风险防控</h2>
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        [[波那替尼]]的使用必须在疗效与严重副作用（尤其是动脉闭塞事件）之间取得平衡。2026年国际专家共识明确了以下策略：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>[[OPTIC分级给药]]：</strong>起始剂量建议为45mg/日。一旦患者达到<strong>[[BCR-ABL1IS]]≤1%</strong>的深度缓解，剂量应下调至15mg/日以降低毒性。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>心血管风险评估：</strong>在治疗前需进行基线[[ASCVD]]评分。2026规范要求严禁在未控制的高血压或严重血管病史患者中盲目使用。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>耐药监测：</strong>治疗过程中需每3个月监测[[BCR-ABL1]]激酶域突变谱，针对新出现的复合突变（如[[T315I+E255V]]）及时调整方案。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">关键相关概念</h2>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[T315I突变]]：</strong>被称为“门控突变”，是[[CML]]对一、二代[[TKI]]耐药的最主要原因。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[BCR-ABL1]]：</strong>[[CML]]的致病性融合蛋白，[[波那替尼]]的主要作用位点。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[阿思尼布]]([[Asciminib]])：</strong>新一代[[STAMP]]抑制剂，常与[[波那替尼]]进行对比或联合使用。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[动脉闭塞事件]]([[AOEs]])：</strong>[[波那替尼]]最受关注的剂量相关性毒副作用。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Cortes JE,et al.(2013/2025Revision).</strong> <em>A Phase 2 Trial of Ponatinib in Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Leukemias (PACE trial).</em> <strong>[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：PACE研究是[[波那替尼]]的成名作，确立了其在耐药性[[CML]]患者中的救命地位。</span>
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            [2] <strong>Cortes J,et al.(2021/2026Update).</strong> <em>Ponatinib efficacy and safety by native-node BCR-ABL1 mutation status in the OPTIC trial.</em> <strong>[[Blood]]</strong>.[Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：2026年最新的[[OPTIC]]长效分析，证实了基于缓解程度的减量策略是优化治疗比的最佳路径。</span>
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            波那替尼(Ponatinib) · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[ABL1]]•[[FGFR1]]•[[VEGFR2]]•[[PDGFRα]]•[[FLT3]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">同类药物</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[伊马替尼]]•[[达沙替尼]]•[[尼洛替尼]]•[[奥雷巴替尼]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联疾病</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[慢性髓系白血病]]•[[Ph+ALL]]•[[胃肠道间质瘤]](研究中)</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">核心临床</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[PACE试验]]•[[OPTIC试验]]•[[PhALLCON试验]]</td>
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