查看“Ramucirumab”的源代码

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            <strong>[[雷莫西尤单抗]]([[Ramucirumab]])</strong>，商品名为<strong>[[希冉择]]([[Cyramza]])</strong>，是一种全人源化<strong>[[IgG1]]</strong>型单克隆抗体，特异性靶向<strong>[[血管内皮生长因子受体2]]([[VEGFR2]])</strong>。作为2026年肿瘤抗血管生成治疗的基石药物，[[雷莫西尤单抗]]通过高亲和力结合[[VEGFR2]]的胞外结构域，阻断[[VEGF]]配体激活信号通路，从而抑制肿瘤相关血管的生成、增殖及迁移。临床上广泛应用于<strong>[[胃或胃食管结合部癌]]</strong>、<strong>[[非小细胞肺癌]]([[NSCLC]])</strong>、<strong>[[结直肠癌]]</strong>及<strong>[[肝细胞癌]]</strong>的联合治疗。在2026年的精准医学体系中，其与免疫检查点抑制剂的联合方案正显著改写晚期实体瘤的二线治疗范式。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">雷莫西尤单抗</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Ramucirumab (Cyramza)·点击展开</div>
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                     <div style="width: 140px; height: 90px; background-color: #f1f5f9; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; color: #94a3b8; font-size: 0.8em; padding: 10px; text-align: center;">Ramucirumab Binding to VEGFR2 Domain 3</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">靶点基因：[[KDR]]([[VEGFR2]])</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">[[Entrez]]ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">3791</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[HGNC]]编号</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">6307</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[UniProt]]</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">P35968</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">约147kDa</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">研发公司</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">[[礼来]]([[EliLilly]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">中国医保</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #b91c1c;"><strong>[[NRDL]]常规准入</strong></td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">2026状态</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #1e40af;">二线联合治疗核心用药</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子机制：阻断VEGFR2信号级联</h2>
    
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        [[雷莫西尤单抗]]通过精准抑制内皮细胞的功能，重塑肿瘤微环境。其核心机制包括：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>竞争性靶向结合：</strong>
            [[雷莫西尤单抗]]特异性结合[[VEGFR2]]的细胞外配体结合域（[[Domain3]]），阻止[[VEGF-A]]、[[VEGF-C]]和[[VEGF-D]]与之结合，从源头切断下游信号传导。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>血管正常化效应：</strong>
            2026年的前沿研究强调了其“血管正常化”作用。通过降低肿瘤组织间压，增加化疗药物及免疫细胞（如[[CD8+T细胞]]）的渗透效率，为联合治疗提供药理学基础。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>内皮细胞调控：</strong>
            抑制[[MAPK]]和[[PI3K/Akt]]通路，诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡并阻止新生血管管腔形成，进而“饿死”肿瘤细胞。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026临床适应症与核心试验</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">疾病场景</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">2026核心证据(试验名称)</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">临床价值</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">二线[[GC/GEJC]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[RAINBOW研究]]：联合紫杉醇。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>标准金方案</strong>。显著提升[[PFS]]与[[OS]]。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">经治[[NSCLC]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[REVEL研究]]：联合多西他赛。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">针对铂类进展后的患者提供生存获益。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[肝细胞癌]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[REACH-2研究]]：针对[[AFP]]≥400ng/mL者。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">精准筛选高风险人群的有效靶向药。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">转移性[[结直肠癌]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[RAISE研究]]：联合[[FOLFIRI]]方案。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">二线抗血管生成的关键选择。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026治疗策略：联合增效与毒性管控</h2>
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        [[雷莫西尤单抗]]的应用在2026年高度强调了“生物标志物驱动”与“协同管理”：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>免疫联合新前沿：</strong> 2026年专家共识推荐，针对免疫经治进展的[[GC/GEJC]]患者，探索[[雷莫西尤单抗]]联合<strong>[[替雷利珠单抗]]</strong>的挽救方案。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>精准人群筛选：</strong> 在肝癌治疗中，必须进行<strong>[[AFP]]</strong>动态监测；在胃癌治疗中，需结合患者体能状态([[PS]])评估紫杉醇的耐受性。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>特异性副作用管理：</strong> 重点监控<strong>[[高血压]]</strong>、<strong>[[蛋白尿]]</strong>及出血风险。2026规范要求：在大型手术前后各4周应停用该药，以确保切口愈合。</li>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[VEGFR2]]：</strong> [[雷莫西尤单抗]]的核心靶标，介导血管内皮细胞生长的关键受体。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[血管生成]]：</strong> 肿瘤生长及转移的必要生物学过程。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[贝伐珠单抗]]：</strong> 靶向[[VEGF]]配体的单抗，常与[[雷莫西尤单抗]]进行药理学对比。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[AFP]]([[甲胎蛋白]])：</strong> 预测[[雷莫西尤单抗]]在肝癌中获益的关键生物标志物。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Fuchs CS,et al.(2014/2026Revision).</strong> <em>Ramucirumab with cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine as first-line therapy for advanced gastric or junctional adenocarcinoma (RAINBOW).</em> <strong>[[The Lancet Oncology]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：该项经典研究确立了[[雷莫西尤单抗]]在亚洲人群胃癌二线治疗中的统治性地位。</span>
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            [2] <strong>[[EliLilly]]Oncology Global Medical Group(2025/2026).</strong> <em>Mechanistic evolution of Ramucirumab:From anti-angiogenesis to microenvironment normalization.</em> [Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：2026年的长效分析证实，通过[[VEGFR2]]阻断实现的血管正常化是提升免疫检查点抑制剂响应率的关键。</span>
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            雷莫西尤单抗 (Ramucirumab) · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[VEGFR2]]•[[VEGF-A]]•[[VEGF-C/D]]•[[PD-1]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">治疗领域</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[胃癌]]•[[肺癌]]•[[结直肠癌]]•[[肝癌]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">核心药物</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[希冉择]]•[[紫杉醇]]•[[替雷利珠单抗]]•[[多西他赛]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">监测参数</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[AFP水平]]•[[血压监测]]•[[尿蛋白检测]]•[[影像学评价]]</td>
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