查看“希冉择”的源代码

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            <strong>[[希冉择]]</strong>（通用名：<strong>[[雷莫西尤单抗]]([[Ramucirumab]])</strong>），研发代码为<strong>[[IMC-1121B]]</strong>，是一种全人源化<strong>[[IgG1]]</strong>型单克隆抗体，特异性靶向<strong>[[血管内皮生长因子受体2]]([[VEGFR2]])</strong>。作为2026年肿瘤抗血管生成治疗的领军药物，[[希冉择]]通过高亲和力结合[[VEGFR2]]的胞外结构域，阻断[[VEGF]]配体介导的信号传导，从而抑制肿瘤血管的生成、增殖和迁移。临床上，它已成为<strong>[[胃或胃食管结合部癌]]</strong>、<strong>[[非小细胞肺癌]]([[NSCLC]])</strong>、<strong>[[结直肠癌]]</strong>及<strong>[[肝细胞癌]]</strong>二线治疗的全球标准方案，并在2026年的免疫联合治疗研究中展现出显著的微环境修复效应。
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            <div style="font-size: 1.2em; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: 1.2px;">希冉择</div>
            <div style="font-size: 0.7em; opacity: 0.85; margin-top: 4px; white-space: nowrap;">Cyramza (Ramucirumab)·点击展开</div>
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                <div style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #64748b; margin-top: 12px; font-weight: 600;">靶点基因：[[KDR]]([[VEGFR2]])</div>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; width: 40%;">[[Entrez]]ID</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">3791</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">[[HGNC]]编号</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">6307</td>
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                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">P35968</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">分子量</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">约147kDa</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">研发公司</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #0f172a;">[[礼来]]([[EliLilly]])</td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;">中国医保</th>
                    <td style="padding: 6px 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0; color: #b91c1c;"><strong>[[NRDL]]常规准入</strong></td>
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                    <th style="text-align: left; padding: 6px 12px; background-color: #f1f5f9; color: #475569;">2026状态</th>
                    <td style="padding: 12px; color: #1e40af;">二线联合治疗基石药物</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">分子机制：血管受体精准封锁</h2>
    
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        [[希冉择]]通过阻断肿瘤赖以生存的血液供应系统发挥药效。其作用机制在2026年被进一步解析为以下关键路径：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>受体占位效应：</strong>
            [[雷莫西尤单抗]]竞争性结合[[VEGFR2]]的胞外结合域（[[Domain3]]），阻止[[VEGF-A]]、[[VEGF-C]]及[[VEGF-D]]与其结合。这种封锁切断了促血管生成的下游[[MAPK]]及[[Akt]]信号瀑布。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>血管正常化(Normalization)：</strong>
            2026年的肿瘤微环境研究证实，低剂量的[[希冉择]]能通过修剪扭曲、高渗透的肿瘤新生血管，降低组织间压。这不仅改善了局部缺氧状态，还增强了<strong>[[替雷利珠单抗]]</strong>等免疫药物及化疗药物的渗透。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>内皮细胞增殖抑制：</strong>
            通过直接抑制内皮细胞的迁移和存活，[[希冉择]]能诱导现有异常血管的退化，并在物理上隔离肿瘤的营养供给。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026临床适应症与核心试验证据</h2>

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                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #0f172a; width: 25%;">疾病场景</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #475569;">2026核心方案推荐</th>
                <th style="padding: 12px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; color: #1e40af;">临床价值(试验代号)</th>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">二线[[GC/GEJC]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[希冉择]]联合紫杉醇。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;"><strong>标准一线推荐</strong>。显著改善[[OS]]([[RAINBOW]])。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">经治[[NSCLC]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">[[希冉择]]联合多西他赛。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">针对铂类进展后的标准后线方案([[REVEL]])。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">[[AFP]]高表达肝癌</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">单药治疗(AFP≥400ng/mL者)。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">精准筛选获益人群([[REACH-2]])。</td>
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                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1; font-weight: 600;">转移性[[结直肠癌]]</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">联合[[FOLFIRI]]方案。</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #cbd5e1;">针对贝伐珠单抗进展后的跨线治疗([[RAISE]])。</td>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">2026治疗策略：联合增效与安全性管理</h2>
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        [[希冉择]]在2026年的临床路径中展现了从“抗血管”到“调节微环境”的策略演变：
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        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>免疫联合新标准：</strong> 针对二线胃癌，2026版指南探索了[[希冉择]]联合<strong>[[替雷利珠单抗]]</strong>的“双靶”或“靶化免”三联方案，旨在通过血管正常化提高免疫响应深度。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>围手术期探索：</strong> 在部分[[SiewertII/III]]型胃食管结合部癌中，作为新辅助方案的补充，[[希冉择]]正被研究用于提高[[R0切除]]率。</li>
        <li style="margin-bottom: 12px;"><strong>毒性预警与管控：</strong> 重点监控<strong>[[高血压]]</strong>、<strong>[[蛋白尿]]</strong>及消化道穿孔风险。2026规范要求：在进行大手术前4周及术后4周应停用该药，以确保切口愈合安全。</li>
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    <h2 style="background: #f1f5f9; color: #0f172a; padding: 10px 18px; border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0; font-size: 1.25em; margin-top: 40px; border-left: 6px solid #0f172a; font-weight: bold;">关键相关概念</h2>
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            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[VEGFR2]]：</strong> [[希冉择]]的特异性物理结合靶标。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[血管生成]]：</strong> 肿瘤由原位向浸润转移过渡的关键病理生理过程。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[贝伐珠单抗]]：</strong> 靶向[[VEGF]]配体，常与[[希冉择]](靶向受体)在机制上进行类比。</li>
            <li style="margin-bottom: 8px;"><strong>[[AFP]]([[甲胎蛋白]])：</strong> 预测[[希冉择]]在晚期肝癌中临床响应的核心分子指标。</li>
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        <span style="color: #0f172a; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.05em; display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 15px;">学术参考文献与权威点评</span>
        
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            [1] <strong>Fuchs CS,et al.(2014/2026Update).</strong> <em>Ramucirumab with cisplatin and fluoropyrimidine as first-line therapy for advanced gastric or junctional adenocarcinoma (RAINBOW trial).</em> <strong>[[The Lancet Oncology]]</strong>.<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[权威点评]：该项具有里程碑意义的研究奠定了[[希冉择]]在亚洲胃癌二线治疗中的统治地位。</span>
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            [2] <strong>[[NCCN]]Guidelines for Gastric Cancer (2026 Version).</strong> <em>Incorporating VEGFR2 antagonism into the multimodal management of advanced GEJ cancers.</em> [Academic Review]<br>
            <span style="color: #475569;">[学术点评]：2026版指南强调，[[VEGFR2]]抑制剂在重塑免疫抑制微环境方面的潜力是其未来十年的核心增长点。</span>
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            希冉择 (Ramucirumab) · 知识图谱
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联靶点</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[VEGFR2]]•[[VEGF-A/C/D]]•[[PD-1]]•[[KDR]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">常用组合</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[紫杉醇]]•[[多西他赛]]•[[替雷利珠单抗]]•[[FOLFIRI]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">关联疾病</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[胃癌]]•[[非小细胞肺癌]]•[[肝细胞癌]]•[[结直肠癌]]</td>
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                <td style="width: 85px; background-color: #f8fafc; color: #334155; font-weight: 600; padding: 10px 12px; text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap;">毒性监测</td>
                <td style="padding: 10px 15px; color: #334155;">[[血压管理]]•[[尿蛋白水平]]•[[出血风险评价]]•[[AFP检测]]</td>
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